Massimo Caruso, PhD in Respiratory Diseases, is Associate Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Catania, Italy, and a researcher at the Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR). His research focuses on the comparative assessment of the biological effects and toxicity of combustible cigarettes and alternative nicotine delivery products, including electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products. His work combines clinical research with New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) and advanced in vitro models to investigate tobacco- and nicotine-related harm. He has contributed to several clinical research projects in tobacco harm reduction, including the ECLAT study on electronic cigarettes and smoking behavior, as well as studies investigating mucociliary function in smokers and e-cigarette users. He coordinated the international multicenter REPLICA project, aimed at strengthening the reproducibility and robustness of experimental approaches for the comparative assessment of tobacco and nicotine products across independent laboratories worldwide.